Writing a Research Paper MLA

Composing a Research Paper MLA Composing a Research Paper MLA Composing a Research Paper MLA: Things to Remember While composing an examination paper you should focus on all the perspectives, in addition to other things to the plan also. In addition, the best possible structure of your paper gives you extra focuses. Along these lines, lets consider some data concerning composing an examination paper MLA style that will be useful for you. It ought to be referenced that MLA style is utilized recorded as a hard copy research papers in expressions and humanities. Composing an exploration paper MLA design guesses the quantity of prerequisites that must be satisfied while managing it. Lets name the fundamental of them12-point Times New Roman textual style 1-inch edges at all sides a large portion of an inch-indented sections twofold divided content As for page numbers they ought to be composed in the upper right-hand corner of each page, a large portion of an inch from the top and an inch from the right-hand edge (the principal page ought to be numbe red also). Keep in mind: your last name ought to be expressed before each page number! Composing an examination paper MLA: the main page An impossible to miss highlight of composing an exploration paper MLA is the nonattendance of the cover sheet. The fact of the matter is that you should type your name, your coaches name, the course and the date in four lines in the upper left-hand corner of the page. Remember that the content should twofold space. Put the title of your examination paper in the focal point of the following line. It ought not be stressed, underlined or placed in quotes. Utilize the standard capitalization (don't compose the title in every single capital letter). The title ought not end with a period; however you may utilize a question mark or a shout mark on the off chance that it is fundamental. At that point begin composing the content of your exploration paper from the following line of a similar page (remember about twofold space!). Composing an examination pape r MLA: the arrangement of title texts Writing an exploration paper MLA implies additionally the utilization of headings of a few levels. They are 5 in the MLA style:Left-adjusted, boldface headings Left-adjusted, emphasized headings Centered, boldface headings Centered, stressed headings Left-adjusted, underlined headings First of all, you should utilize the principal level headings. For instance, in the event that you have some grouping of a few levels, you should utilize the principal level features for the first, the subsequent level features for the subsequent one, etc. Focus: these are the general prerequisites of composing an examination paper MLA yet you ought to likewise counsel your guide concerning the organization of your paper.

How the Assembly Line Revolutionized the Car Industry

How the Assembly Line Revolutionized the Car Industry By the mid 1900s,â gasoline carsâ started to surpass every single other sort of engine vehicles. The market was developing for autos and the requirement for mechanical creation was squeezing. The principal vehicle producers on the planet were French organizations Panhard Levassor (1889) and Peugeot (1891). Daimler and Benz started out as pioneers who explored different avenues regarding vehicle configuration to test their motors before turning out to be full vehicle makers. They brought in their initial cash by permitting their licenses and offering their motors to vehicle makers. The First Assemblers Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor were accomplices in a carpentry apparatus business when they chose to become vehicle producers. They assembled their first vehicle in 1890 utilizing a Daimler motor. The accomplices not just produced vehicles, they made upgrades to the car body structure. Levassor was the primary architect to move the motor to the front of the vehicle and utilize a back wheel drive design. This structure was known as the Systeme Panhard and immediately turned into the standard for all vehicles since it gave a superior equalization and improved directing. Panhard and Levassor are additionally credited with the development of the cutting edge transmission, which was introduced in their 1895 Panhard. Panhard and Levassor additionally shared the authorizing rights to Daimler engines with Armand Peugot. A Peugot vehicle proceeded to win the primary vehicle race held in France, which picked up Peugot exposure and helped vehicle deals. Amusingly, the Paris to Marseille race of 1897 brought about a lethal car crash, slaughtering Emile Levassor. At an early stage, French producers didn't normalize vehicle models as every vehicle was unique in relation to the next. The main normalized vehicle was the 1894 Benz Velo. One hundred and thirty-four indistinguishable Velos were produced in 1895. American Car Assembly Americas first gas-controlled business vehicle producers were Charles and Frank Duryea. The siblings were bike producers who got keen on fuel motors and vehicles. They manufactured their first engine vehicle in 1893 in Springfield, Massachusetts and by 1896 the Duryea Motor Wagon Company had sold thirteen models of the Duryea, a costly limousine that stayed underway into the 1920s. The primary car to be mass delivered in the United States was the 1901 Curved Dash Oldsmobile, worked by the American vehicle maker Ransome Eli Olds (1864-1950). Olds imagined the essential idea of the mechanical production system and began the Detroit zone vehicle industry. He initially started making steam and fuel motors with his dad, Pliny Fisk Olds, in Lansing, Michigan in 1885. Olds structured his first steam-fueled vehicle in 1887. In 1899, with his involvement with making fuel motors, Olds moved to Detroit to turn over the Olds Motor Works with the objective of creating low-estimated vehicles. He delivered 425 Curved Dash Olds in 1901, and was Americas driving vehicle maker from 1901 to 1904. Henry Ford Revolutionizes Manufacturing American vehicle producer Henry Ford (1863-1947) was credited with imagining an improved sequential construction system. He shaped the Ford Motor Company in 1903. It was the third vehicle fabricating organization shaped to deliver the vehicles he planned. He presented the Model T in 1908 and it turned into a major achievement. Around 1913, he introduced the first transport line based mechanical production system in quite a while vehicle processing plant at Fords Highland Park, Michigan plant. The sequential construction system decreased creation costs for vehicles by diminishing get together time. For instance, Fords well known Model T was gathered in ninety-three minutes. In the wake of introducing the moving mechanical production systems in his industrial facility, Ford turned into the universes greatest vehicle maker. By 1927, 15 million Model Ts had been produced. Another triumph won by Henry Ford was theâ patent battleâ with George B. Selden. Selden, who held a patent on a street motor. On that premise, Selden was paid sovereignties by all American vehicle producers. Passage toppled Seldens patent and opened the American vehicle showcase for the structure of modest vehicles.

From Collecting to Connecting A New Paradigm for Education

From Collecting to Connecting A New Paradigm for Education This is a guest post by Professor Toni Krasnic, author of How to Study with Mind Maps. Toni is an author, mind mapper, teacher, and student success coach. In this article, he discusses Seth Godins essay collection Stop Stealing Dreams and how mind maps can help students go from simply collecting dots to connecting dots. Stop Stealing Dreams (What Is School For?) In March 2012, Seth Godin published Stop Stealing Dreams, a provocative collection of 132 essays on improving the current education system. It struck a chord with millions of people who read the manifesto, including me. One concept that struck me in particular was the importance of “connecting.” Seth used it 57 times in the manifesto and had it in 3 headings. Section 64, reprinted below, hit home in particular and is the inspiration for this post. 64. Connecting the dots vs. collecting the dots The industrial model of school is organized around exposing students to ever increasing amounts of stuff and then testing them on it. Collecting dots. Almost none of it is spent in teaching them the skills necessary to connect dots. The magic of connecting dots is that once you learn the techniques, the dots can change but you’ll still be good at connecting them. It’s also helpful to refer back to Section 22, where Seth talks about the connection revolution and emphasizes that we live in an “era that marks the end of the industrial age and the beginning of something new is ultimately about connection.” In short, Seth is arguing that our system of schooling will be forever changed by the newly emerged connection economy. Self-Responsibility and Education Learning is not done to you. Learning is something you choose to do.  â€"Seth Godin We’ve been at school redesign and reform for many years now, and spent millions of dollars on experimenting with different solutions. Surely, many more years and dollars will be spent. However, from a learner’s perspective, the ultimate responsibility for learning still falls within students. Teachers alone cannot “produce” learning and success in students. Students need to accept that, ultimately, they are responsible for their own learning and success, and that they must take steps to learn how to learn and develop the skills they need to thrive in today’s complex world. The most important piece is that the learners become self-learners, capable of connecting the bits and connecting with people to make learning personally meaningful. Connecting Dots with Mind Maps The magic of connecting dots is that once you learn the techniques, the dots can change but you’ll still be good at connecting them.  â€" Seth Godin Mind mapping is a visual tool that helps us visualize connections between concepts (dots). A mind map is created by extending concepts and associations from a central theme in all directions. It’s like a tree, with branches extending all around. Existing associations trigger new associations and help integrate new concepts within a map, similar to what we do with concepts in our minds. Once we trigger our brain to look for associations, there’s no going back. Our brain will be forever conditioned to connect different ideas into a whole and extend the whole into yet unknown domains. Mind mapping is a tool to make this thinking visible. This ability to converge and diverge our thinking, via connections between dots, to create meaning and create new ideas, respectively, is what makes mind maps such a powerful thinking tool. Connecting People with Mind Maps Our chaotic world is open to the work of passionate individuals, intent on carving their own paths. â€" Seth Godin To connect dots, we must first discover the dots. We come across new concepts via formal connections (e.g., school) and numerous informal connections (real-world contacts and the Internet). The network of these connections, both formal and informal, is collectively called a Personal Learning Network (PLN). PLNs are created by individual learners to meet learners’ specific needs and extend learning connections to other learners around the globe who share similar interests. Mind maps are a useful tool in mapping connections of people. As with concepts, you can easily create mind maps for various PLNs that are important to you. Join the Conversation: Wiki Mind Map of Stop Stealing Dreams If you havent read Stop Stealing Dreams yet, I highly recommend you read it. It’s a great discussion starter on education. And it’s free. If youve read the book, you can join many online discussion groups, including the Wiki Mind Map group on MindMeister. Stop Stealing Dreams Wiki Mind Map, Essays 1-70 Stop Stealing Dreams Wiki Mind Map, Essays 71-132 The map skeleton of essay headings is already there, with direct links to the sections of the book. I’ve also added all the references to “connecting,” and a few other ideas that impacted me. There’s much left to add and connect, however. I hope you’ll consider contributing your reflections directly to the maps or comment below.

Components Of The Tablet / E Reader Market - 2090 Words

1. Three important consumer segments in the tablet/e-reader market are as follows: College students and/or graduates People in professional and related occupations People with children ages 6-11 I’ve identified these segments based on the following data: Segment Percent of people who have tablets/e-readers in the segment (Percent down) Index Explanation of Index College students and/or graduates 19.2% (current students), 49% (graduates), total=68.2% 100 (current students), 176 (graduates) The relative proportion of college students who own tablets is exactly proportionate to their relative population in the country. The relative proportion of college graduates who own tables is far higher than their relative population in the country. This means they are very overrepresented as tablet owners. People in professional and related occupations 23.3% 176 The relative proportion of professionals who own tables is far higher than their relative population in the country. This means they are very overrepresented as tablet owners. People with children ages 6-11 22.6% 124 The relative proportion of people with kids who own tables is slightly higher than their relative population in the country. This means they are pretty overrepresented as tablet owners. 2. For each segment, turn them into a persona: bring them to life as a person and make an attempt to describe their lifestyle based upon the inferences you can make from the data. Get creative! It s okay to make some judgment callsShow MoreRelatedMicrosoft Strategic Management Techniques Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesonly hardware that Microsoft sells to the retail market is branded peripherals. In its heyday, Microsoft was a market leader, bring an operating system to the masses, and leading in internet search. In recent years, however, most of the moves that Microsoft has made have not been in a market leader position, but have been in response to competitors threatening Microsoft’s positions. For instance, Microsoft had no interest in supplying the market with web-based versions of its office software untilRead MoreQuality Management Theories Of Amazon1321 Words   |  6 Pagesservices. (Marx, 2005) 2. Management of Product Quality 2.1 Quality of Design One of the components of product quality is the quality of the product’s design. Amazon produces and sell various products that includes Kindle , Kindle TV, and Kindle phone. Using Kindle as the example, Amazon launched the first Kindle e-reader in 2007. After that, Amazon continued to design and produce the improved Kindle e-readers that are thinner, lighter and with more memory. In 2011, Amazon also launched a new KindleRead MoreThe Biggest Risk Of The Internet Of Amazon.com Sells Many Goods And Services Around The World1298 Words   |  6 PagesSome of their biggest risk factors are that they face intense competition, they incur a great amount of risk through their international expansion and their diverse inventory. They operate in an oligopolistic market, especially in their market for e-readers. Overall in their oligopolistic market over the last three years they have been incurring net losses due to their rapid expansion and their intense competition, even though their net loss is small compared to their annual revenue. Amazon.com wasRead MoreKindle Fire: Amazon‚Äà ´s Heated Battle for Tablet Market3712 Words   |  15 PagesFire: Amazon’s Heated Battle for Tablet Market Executive Summary Amazon has created a value product that resolves around services over the device itself, known as the Kindle Fire. With the emergence of e- readers, various competitors immediately offered iterations of the Amazon Kindle Fire tablet. The CEO of Amazon, Jeff Bezos, must decide and define its most promising target segments and positioning of the Kindle Fire against competing products in the market. Based on the initial sales ofRead MoreMarket Analysis and Strategy for Amazon Kindle Fire3739 Words   |  15 PagesFire: Amazon’s Heated Battle for Tablet Market Executive Summary Amazon has created a value product that resolves around services over the device itself, known as the Kindle Fire. With the emergence of e- readers, various competitors immediately offered iterations of the Amazon Kindle Fire tablet. The CEO of Amazon, Jeff Bezos, must decide and define its most promising target segments and positioning of the Kindle Fire against competing products in the market. Based on the initial sales ofRead MoreAnalysis of Fortune 500 Leader, Apple Computer1675 Words   |  7 PagesMP3, tablet PC and smartphone products. Apples innovative approach to new product development requires intensive coordination and confidentiality on the part of suppliers, as the company will often move quickly from market test to launch in a matter of weeks. The speed and agility Apple moves with is exceptional given its size and the highly competitive nature of the industries it competes in as well (Franke, Schreier, 2010). While best known for its personal computers, MP3 players, tablet PCs andRead MoreAn E-Business Analysis of Amazon.Com, Inc.1377 Words   |  6 PagesAn E-Business Analysis of Amazon.com, Inc. BUS 352: e-Business An E-Business Analysis of Amazon.com, Inc. Very few individuals can say that they have done what Jeffry Bezos has done. Jeffrey Bezos is the founder and CEO of the world’s largest online retailer, Amazon.com, Inc. Back in 1994, when the company finally came into fruition, the idea of selling anything via the internet was something new and pretty radical. Originally started as an online bookstore, but soon developingRead MoreMaytag Global Company - Implementing Erp3308 Words   |  14 Pagesconducts all its component sourcing, packaging and labeling from around the globe. Its compressors might come from Thailand, its condenser piping from Brazil, its electronic and thermostat units from Japan and Germany, its panels and plastic components from China. They are assembled in Malaysia and shipped to the US and 20 other global markets. Each market has its own profit center with independent executives that make local market decisions. In light of the global procurement of components and the changingRead MoreEbooks Are Not As Expensive1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthe result, for many benefits eBooks has brought to human’s life, people should use them instead of print books. One important reason why people should use eBooks is that eBooks are not as expensive as paper books. One example is the McGraw-Hill Reader, one of course materials for English Composition II, which is sold $90.50 for printed book in campus bookstore but just $37.00 for eBook edition. As eBooks are cheaper than printed ones, the Amsterdam’s library could be able to buy more â€Å"electronicRead MoreEssay about Amazon.Com Case Study1066 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversified its inventory to include dvds, software, video games, electronics, furniture, apparel, food, toys, and jewelry. Amazon has also become a producer of their own brand of consumer electronics, most notably their line of Kindle e-book readers, Fire Tablets, Fire TV, Fire phone, and is now a leading provider of cloud computing services. Now Amazon is starting to introduce a new service called Amazon Fresh. Amazon Fresh will bring the grocery shopping experience into the comfort of your home

Essay on Internet Privacy - 1325 Words

Internet Privacy It has become a sad and upsetting fact that in today’s society the truth is that the right to one’s privacy in the I.T (information technological) world has become, simply a joke. In an electronic media article â€Å"No place to hide†, written by James Norman, two interesting and debatable questions were raised: ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology?’ Also, ‘What roles do government, industry and citizens have in regard to censorship and privacy?’ These statements ultimately end with the fact that it is impossible for Net users to expect privacy online, because online privacy doesn’t exist. However, one must ask, ‘What will be†¦show more content†¦Another interesting comment made by Norman on this occasion was ‘We should not underestimate the impact that internet technology, with it’s various data-gathering t ools and techniques, has had in terms of the magnitude of certain privacy concerns’, once again reinforcing the seriousness of the matter. ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology?’ Of course we are, yet we stand back and watch it fall apart. An example of this is in that of the case of Alexander Lunney. Alexander was subject to false accusations at the age of fifteen, of â€Å"transmitting obscene, abusive, threatening and sexually explicit material.† It was however revealed that Lunney was not even a member of the accusing company, and that an imposter had posted the material in his name. A step further than just anticipating the erosion on a worldwide basis is to begin NOW to re-form the barriers between the public and private sectors. The safety of individuals must be assured. It is true that there are numerous privacy acts and laws that exist to prevent the threat of privacy invasion on the Net, though they aren’t enough and they’re not working. So it would be fair in saying that at present , not enough is being done to protect personal privacy on the Net. To even start to think about improving privacy, a realistic approach must be taken. Protective action must start with the ISP, where it should thereShow MoreRelatedGoogle and Internet Privacy717 Words   |  3 PagesGoogle and Internet Privacy In this exercise on ethics and privacy policy we focus our studies on an oft occurring situation in offices that have multiple employees sharing office resources that may lead to intrusive instances. The case refers to a couple of employee’s complaints of unwarranted pop-ups on their computers from unsolicited advertisers. In particular, the ads pertain to some sorts of HIV/AIDS medications that stimulate recovery from this fatal disease or at least help cope with itRead More Essay on Internet Privacy - Invasion of Privacy on the Internet964 Words   |  4 PagesInvasion of Privacy on the Internet       Invasion of privacy is a serious issue concerning the Internet, as e-mails can be read if not encrypted, and cookies can track a user and store personal information. Lack of privacy policies and employee monitoring threatens security also. Individuals should have the right to protect themselves as much as possible from privacy invasion and shouldnt have to give in to lowered standards of safety being pursued by the government.    EncryptionRead MoreInternet Privacy And The Internet1895 Words   |  8 PagesInternet privacy is an issue that has constantly taken up a portion of the world stage for many years. Legislators are even now trying to find the delicate balance between Internet privacy and Internet security. The medium of the Internet is simply too new to be completely understood by lawmakers, and it will take some time before there is a complete grasp. Online Privacy and Facebook Nowadays, the new generation life without Facebook is almost unthinkable. Since its inception in 2004, this popularRead MoreInternet Privacy1375 Words   |  6 PagesA Right to Privacy? What a Joke! It has become a sad and upsetting fact that in todays society the truth is that the right to ones privacy in the I.T (information technological) world has become, simply a joke. In an electronic media article No place to hide, written by James Norman, two interesting and debatable questions were raised: ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology? Also, ‘What rolesRead MoreInternet Privacy1946 Words   |  8 PagesInternet Privacy The concern about privacy on the Internet is increasingly becoming an issue of international dispute. ?Citizens are becoming concerned that the most intimate details of their daily lives are being monitored, searched and recorded.? (www.britannica.com) 81% of Net users are concerned about threats to their privacy while online. The greatest threat to privacy comes from the construction of e-commerce alone, and not from state agents. E-commerce is structured on the copy andRead MoreInternet Privacy Ethics1395 Words   |  6 Pages 1 II. Cookies and User Profiling 1 III. Privacy laws 2 IV. Web Eavesdropping Read MoreInternet Privacy And The Internet954 Words   |  4 Pagesunauthorized information by computer, but they actually make the internet a safer place. With the growth of the internet comes the growth of hackers and internet privacy. New laws that would increase internet privacy and, limit hackers would halt the internets growth and development. Since the year 2000, the internet has grown enormously we can all agree and with this growth comes a growth of internet users. With all the internet users, online comes people trying to accuse their information byRead More Internet Privacy Essay699 Words   |  3 Pagesabout privacy and security? Im not a criminal or a terrorist. Ive got nothing to hide. These are things that most people think. They also believe the internet is much more secure and that their personal information is only available to them, whereas this is actually quite wrong. There are more reasons to want to protect your privacy than can be named. The important principal is that you have a right to privacy as long as that right is used within the bounds of the law. Seeking privacy shouldRead MorePrivacy on Internet Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesIII April 1st, 2012 Internet Privacy Essay With the internet gaining such popularity, privacy has become a thing of the past. People have come to accept that strangers can view personal information about them on social networks such as facebook, and companies and the government are constantly viewing peoples’ activity online for a variety of reasons. The government has attempted to help the consumer regain their privacy online by passing the Consumer Internet Privacy Protection Act of 1997Read More Essay on Internet Privacy - Cookies and Privacy on the Internet1385 Words   |  6 PagesCookies: Privacy on the Internet?      Ã‚   Today, many web sites on the internet can use cookies to keep track of passwords and usernames and track the sites a particular user visits (Cookiecentral.com). But, the use of cookies to track users browsing habits is becoming a concern of many internet users. These concerned people are beginning to think of cookies as an invasion of privacy. Companies with web sites can use cookies to track what sites you visit frequently and then select specific

An Impartial View of College Paper

An Impartial View of College Paper The Advantages of College Paper Rather than answering the question you wish to answer or think ought to be asked, answer the question which is being asked when writing your college paper. If it's so, then you might be having some challenging time for a student together with being a writer. A very helpful tip is for the student to ask the intention behind the essay. College requires a whole lot of writing some of which are listed above and a lot more others which aren't listed. The College Paper Game Try to remember that academic writing has to be more than. Before you decide about whether to purchase custom college paper from us, we advise that you visit our testimonials section. Even if you prefer tips about how to write a college paper, we'd be thrilled to provide help. In case you would enjoy the perfect research paper writing available on the internet, you use us entirely. When you get research papers for sale on the internet, you should work papers the writer for a team to acquire an ideal result. You wish to know how to compose a paper for college but you also need to find out more about our prices. We as a college paper writing service understand how to compose papers in the best way possible. Our customized college paper writing services can allow you to get back some time for you. College Paper Secrets That No One Else Knows About Get in touch with us college time you want. Though most colleges may not consider methods to lower the expenses of college, there are a number of ways a decrease tuition and general price is possible. When you're ready to cover college papers, we're always on hand to aid with any writing projects you could have and we can complete assignments in short timeframes with no issue. Elect for our professional services and additionally you don't have to get concerned with a different college papers again. Your paper includes citations based on the style you demand. Essays a re crucial part of instructional curriculum at nearly every level of instruction. Together with the UK Essay Help undergraduates find it impossible to get worried about the time but delight in a complete life. Research paper writing resembles thinking aloud. Paper if you believe it's too late, just try. Utilizing colored paper is truly a superior plan. Writing an outline is among the main areas of the paper, as without it, your paper won't have a suitable structure. If you don't have sufficient content to place in your paper, find some. The College Paper Cover Up Using Academized for your customized college paper has many advantages. You may gain understanding for than by utilizing e-mail. It's important to not forget that the introduction is simply proposing the topic and preparing the background for your paper. If you would like to find high excellent research and thesis papers in time and for an affordable price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. Order top-notch essay at the moment and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at fair price. Select a suitable topic selecting a theme for your task is the foremost step you have to take. You can rely on the very best essay help online. If you're using writing services online for the very first time and not certain how it works, you may always contact our support agent who will help you through all the stages starting with the purchase placement right until the last paper is delivered to you. Deciding on a famed legend as an essay writing topic may also tickle the interest of the whole class. If you're ready to employ a person to write my essay, here is ways to begin. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. There are several essay writing services that think they're the very best, and therefore don't be cheated and check the legitimate list of the very best. Looking at ethics just from the view of religion automatically makes the rest of the people unethical. In the current society, the thought of a university education has become less of an option and more of an essential requirement and is often considered the only method to acquire a prosperous career and life. When applying for jobs, in addit ion, it looks many more prestigious when it's shown that one attended a university in the place of a community college. Yes, there's an issue with racism at SUNY Plattsburgh.

Nursing Australian Healthcare

Question: Describe about the Nursing for Australian Healthcare. Answer: Australian Healthcare System The healthcare system in Australia is world class both in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. According to World Health Organization, Australia is known to rank among the best-performing groups in the world consistently for health expenditure and healthy life expectancy per person (Commonwealthfund.org 2016). The health status of the Australian population is generally good with 81.40 years as the average life expectancy at birth (Aihw.gov.au 2016). This statistics is one of the best and highest worldwide. However, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders are the groups who are known to have poor health status or else the disease pattern is almost similar to the other developed countries of the world. This essay will discuss the various perspectives of the Australian healthcare system that will include its historical evolution, its strength and weakness and the implemented health policies and priorities. The history of healthcare in Australia dates back to the colonial era when the government used to offer subsidized hospitals for catering the healthcare needs of the poor which were later transformed into charitable institutions in the nineteenth century where doctors used to provide care based on honorariums (Tschealthisorsm.global2.vic.edu.au 2016). Private hospitals emerged which were run by private entrepreneurs and religious organizations for catering the affluent population and the doctors provided a community-based medical care based on fee for service. In 1901, the constitution endowed the states with the power for maintaining the healthcare of the community and the Federal government was responsible for preventing the entry of diseases in the country. In 1918, establishment of the Commonwealth Department of Health took place for which the states agreed and this was followed by the establishment of the Federal Health Council in the year 1926 for providing expert professional advice (Abriefhistory.org 2016). This was further expanded to become the National Health and Medical Research Council in the year 1937. It was until the middle of the 20th century that the individual citizens of the country had to pay from their own expenses for availing the healthcare services. From the later part of the 19th century to the middle of 1940s decade, the friendly society movement came to the Act and provided the members with a number of benefits for healthcare which was later reformed to a tax-funded and universal health insurance system under the Labor governments Hawke and Keating (Willis, Reynolds and Keleher 2016). The economic rationalism started from 1995 with the National Competition Policy that led to the shaping of the Australian healthcare system of the present time. The healthcare system in Australia is complex and consists of many types of providers and services and a wide range of regulatory and funding mechanisms for the health service delivery models. It is funded by both the private and public sectors provide healthcare services by funding it and involving all the levels of the Australian government. At the Federal level, the Commonwealth assumes a leadership role in financing and health policy making because of its financial authorities and constitutional mandate. At the State level, two territory and six state governments provide and find the healthcare services. The Local Government includes about 700 shire or municipal councils that vary according to the population size, geography and revenue capacity (Britt et al. 2013). The private sectors are hugely responsible for providing health services and a lesser extent in funding them. The primary players in the private sector are general physicians, private hospitals, diagnostic services and private health insurance (Heti.nsw.gov.au 2016). The healthcare system of the country is a multi-faceted model that consists of private and public providers, participants, settings and the supporting mechanisms for care delivery. The services provided are palliative care and rehabilitation, hospital-based treatment, emergency healthcare and primary healthcare facilities. The health providers include medical practitioners, allied health professionals, nurses, clinics, hospitals and non-government and government agencies. The strength of the Australian healthcare system is Medicare that entitles all the Australians to avail pharmaceutical and medical benefits provided by it. It provides a world class health system that guarantees affordable and quality healthcare services for all the citizens. The advantages that the Australian healthcare system derives out of Medicare is free treatment for patients in the public hospitals, discount in the doctor visits that are out of the hospital and is known as Medicare rebate and provision of affordable medicines through a scheme known as PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) (Health.gov.au 2016). The Medicare has been further strengthened by the introduction of Safety Net that protects the Australians from the variable medical costs, protection from bulk billing generated by the general physicians with extra money, increasing the nurses in the doctor surgeries and medical workforce and laying down more convenient ways for claiming of the rebate from Medicare. PBS assures the citizens of the country to avail lifesaving and necessary medications at an affordable price and covers about 75% of the prescription medicines that are subsidized. Although the Australian healthcare system has been blessed with the strength of being a world class provider of healthcare services, there are several weaknesses in the delivery of healthcare and funding of its services. With the changes in the disease patterns and demography, there is a requirement for increasing the preventive initiatives as they do not reach out effectively for the ones who need them the most. Services intended for the chronically ill are directed only at the acute care centers. The system has often failed to subsidize the new therapeutic and diagnostic devices and therefore, not all of the Australians are able to avail them. The extent of medical errors in Australia is very high and costs about $2 billion yearly of which, about 50% are preventable (Renzaho et al. 2013). The health services are increasingly becoming lesser equitable and this has significantly increased the patient's costs that are out of the pocket by over 50% as the surcharge of the private healt h insurance companies is unfair for the remote dwellers. There have been constraints on the allocation of resources that includes medications and healthcare technologies. This can be attributed to the fact that pharmaco-economic data are not utilized regularly for the purpose of the process of decision making. As a result, the resources are not adequately distributed throughout the needs of the rural and metropolitan Australia at the micro and macro levels. Staff shortage and government cutbacks are also responsible for the constraints in the allocation of resources in the rural and remote parts of the country. Australia is known to have one of the most comprehensive, accessible and affordable healthcare systems in the world due to its broad policies of financing and leadership in the matters of healthcare services. These services are focused on the key areas of national information management, research and public health. The territories and states are responsible largely for the delivery of health services in the public sector with the regulation of the health workers in the private and public sectors. The health policy of the Australian government includes the health priority areas that include the conditions and diseases that have been selected for focused attention as they are significantly responsible for increasing the burden of injury and illness in the community (Aph.gov.au 2016). Some of the health priority areas are asthma, mental health, dementia, obesity, cancer control and cardiovascular health. By targeting these health conditions, collaborative action can be taken for achievi ng cost-effective and significant advances for improving the health status of the citizens of Australia. The adopted health policy will provide a framework that is overarching the national direction for improvement of the prevention of chronic diseases among the Australians. The Australian healthcare system has framed a set of principles for social inclusion of the aged population as a part of the residential aged care program that will provide them with the opportunity for staying connected with their local community, work, friends and family. They are also provided with a range of services and benefits that are in accordance with the cultural and social backgrounds. Several complementary and primary approaches have been devised by the government as quality improvement initiatives for promoting the social life of the residential aged population. The Australian healthcare system interprets the long term political and social-economic changes that influence residential aged care for better assessing the directions and recognizing the options for aged care (Adebayo, Durey and Slack?Smith 2016). While the programs and politics are understandably preoccupied, major improvements in quality have been done by the diagnosis of the causes underlying the difficulti es in the existing system and provide a feasible vision for the future directions. The government of the country has provided economic improvement for the residential aged population of the country that includes increasing wealth and rising incomes that have considerably reduced the disability rates (Agedcare.health.gov.au 2016). With these policies, there has been quality improvement as the future residential aged population is predicted to have higher income and wealthier compared to the present aged population. There are four standards that have been set by the Australian healthcare system that includes organizational, staffing and management system development, personal and health care, lifestyle of the care recipient and safe systems and physical environment. These standards have been intended for enhancing the improvement of quality for the residential aged care facilities from the aspects of service delivery. From the discussion above, it can be concluded that the world class healthcare system of Australia has traveled a long way since the colonial era to achieve its present status of best performing groups in the world. The present structure of healthcare service delivery is a multi-faceted model with its strengths and weaknesses due to constraints on the allocation of resources. The health policies and priorities are framed by the national and the state governments for reducing the burden of injury and illness that also includes the residential aged care facilities and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders of Australia for quality improvement of healthcare services . References Abriefhistory.org. (2016).A Brief History. [online] Available at: https://abriefhistory.org/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Adebayo, B., Durey, A. and Slack?Smith, L.M., 2016. Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) carers' perceptions of oral care in residential aged care settings in Perth, Western Australia.Gerodontology. Agedcare.health.gov.au. (2016).Aged care reform | Ageing and Aged Care. [online] Available at: https://agedcare.health.gov.au/aged-care-reform [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Aihw.gov.au. (2016).Australia's health system (AIHW). [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Aph.gov.au. (2016).Health in Australia: a quick guide Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/QG/HealthAust [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Britt, H., Miller, G.C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., Charles, J., Pan, Y., Zhang, C., Pollack, A.J. and O'Halloran, J., 2013.General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health(No. 33). Sydney University Press. Commonwealthfund.org. (2016).Health Care System and Health Policy in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/grants-and-fellowships/fellowships/australian-american-health-policy-fellowship/health-care-system-and-health-policy-in-australia [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Health.gov.au. (2016).Department of Health | Strengths and weaknesses of the current ATAPS program. [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-boimhc-ataps-review-toc~mental-boimhc-ataps-review-appb~mental-boimhc-ataps-review-appb-str [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Heti.nsw.gov.au. (2016).The Australian healthcare system - HETI. [online] Available at: https://www.heti.nsw.gov.au/international-medical-graduate/australian-healthcare-system/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Renzaho, A., Polonsky, M., McQuilten, Z. and Waters, N., 2013. Demographic and socio-cultural correlates of medical mistrust in two Australian States: Victoria and South Australia.Health place,24, pp.216-224. Tschealthisorsm.global2.vic.edu.au. (2016).Health and Human Development. [online] Available at: https://tschealthisorsm.global2.vic.edu.au/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2016]. Willis, E., Reynolds, L. and Keleher, H. eds., 2016.Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences.

How To Write Literature Review Outline With Examples

A key requirement when an individual starts the process of putting down ideas in a paper is to possess the knowledge and put it through to the audiences in a very consistent and clear manner. To achieve that, they must read widely and identify sources that are adequately addressing the subject. Identification of the Issue You want to investigate the impact of communication during a crisis in an institution that has been bothering you. Justifying Communication as Important during Crisis Scenarios The institution you are attached has experienced recurring accidents and your thought is that not much has been done to inform the workers in terms of pre-crisis, during a crisis and post-crisis communication to keep workers alert always. Make an Order Literature Archives Establish the subtopics, in books, articles, and other important sources Get involved, research in the libraries Read more Make short notes that you will use in your literature review An Outline Here is a literature review outline to guide you: Introduction This beginning section must be compelling and well articulating the theme and the thesis An example of an Introduction with a Theoretical Framework Poor choices in managing a crisis can damage to a reputation and drive it to losses. An image of an institution is thus helpful in building public confidence and trust. Crisis communication, therefore, delves into identifying effective ways that can be employed to manage a crisis. Such communication strategies also anchor on the creation of a positive perception of the affected institution to its external publics. Considerably, crisis communication serves an important role in allaying fears and reassuring the institutions public stability thus affecting their perceptions and attitudes. Essentially this chapter will examine literature from other studies that have previously been conducted and are of relevance to this research. The chapter at the same time will highlight the research problem to create a better understanding of crisis management systems and how communication impacts it, looks at the theoretical framework that aligns with the topic plus the empirical and general literatu re reviews. The Body of Outlining Literature Review Accordingly, when using the America Psychological Association style, the outline of the review should contain the theme(s) ordered in a manner that obeys APA provisions in terms of their structures which essentially is supposed key points which are evidentially provable and summaries that are traceable to the body. An apa literature review outline is presented: Sample content of the body General Literature with a subtopic Communication serves as the foundation upon which all human relations are based and it is therefore important that a solid knowledge of communication and good communication skills be put into practice to help address grievances, customer relations and events related to fundraising and so on (Lennon, 2004). Furthermore, good crisis communication centers on good listening skills, good expressive skills and constructively managing a conflict. Most importantly, the methods that are chosen in terms of how an institution deals with crises should be strategic and must be confined to proper channels of communication. Effective communication requires a proper conduit that ensures that the process of passing information in times of crisis is not only smooth but also effective. Here is another literature review outline example: Crisis Communication Channels Face to face is a channel whereby an institution engages in dyadic communication with its stakeholders to give information related to a crisis. The process also involves the institutions staff member relaying important information to a partner institution, as well as the institutions staff member to individuals in the community. Face to face enhances interpersonal communication and helps to solidify trust among the parties or the Publics to an institution. Group delivery is basically a crisis communication channel centered on communicating with a small group and participating in smaller public meetings. This helps in effectively passing information and actively involving such groups in plans to curb a crisis or in repairing an image of an institution damaged by a crisis. An institution may also opt to use public communication as a channel thereby involving public presentations to larger meetings. Such meetings may be arranged for the purpose of reaffirming an institutions commitment to the objectives that attracted its publics to it. More so, the channel provides an opportunity to make a clarification on important questions that the public may want to be answered. In the face of a crisis, public communication plays an integral part as it nurtures healthy democracy within the institutions. It also remains one of the more commonly understood venues where an institution can deliver remarks to audiences. Regrettably, this channel is not commonly used by learning institutions despite the fact that it is less expensive as compared to channels such as usage of mainstream media like radio and television (Greg, 2015). Mass media, such as radio, television, newspaper, and direct mail are other channels which have been largely used by the institutions to communicate in times of crises. These channels are however expensive but very effective given their accessibility and their reach. They are important in disseminating timely information to a much wider audience irrespective of wherever they are. In times of crises, the Public Relations practitioners strive to invoke their connections with the media houses so that they can be able to relay important information at cheaper or no cost at all. Importantly, direct mail can also enhance trust and confidence in the institution by the stakeholders. Opportunities and what McLuhan predicted as a global village has come to pass with the advent of social media. News dissemination and access has completely changed and has been made possible any day any time any minute (Jim, 2015). Initially, the medium choices for the flow of information were dominated by the newspapers and television but the internet has since offered access to institutions interested in disseminating information without restrictions. Besides the provision of equal access, social media also supports democracy in truth given that people around the world use it to organize demonstrations and rallies. According to Jim (2015), companies and institutions are forced by the internet to employ a sense of transparency in approaching the information flow. Public Relation Practitioners, therefore, finds online media useful in attaining the global reach and in dispensing appropriate information during a crisis. Many institutions are connected or rather have a connection to an internet which allows them to explore or to pass critical information to their publics. For example, Twitter has been incorporated in various institutions as formal means through which information are passed. Twitter is a social media platform and a communication tool that offers options in terms of provision of updates frequently as well as offering institutions with opportunities to sell their products and is quite important (Greg 2009; Jim, 2016). It is also considered as being informational because of its dynamism in offering the institutions Publics with an opportunity to get information on deals and running themes frequently. In times of crisis, Twitter can serve the Public Relations Officers with an opportunity to make the first impression about the institutions they represent therefore this platform is considered as not only being professional but also as one which rarely dwells on issues of less relevance to t he Publics (David, 2015). Make an Order Another outline for literature review: Empirical Literature Review The Role of Communication during Crisis Stages Learning institutions forms the social fabric of our society besides contributing economically to the nation. More so, such institutions contribute greatly to the cultural development of a country as well as fulfilling the objective of contributing to and enhancing the educational wishes and dreams of the young people. Unfortunately, crises at learning institutions can impede a societys progress and affect the security, financial stability, the wellbeing of its Publics and its image generally. Among the notable crises that occur in the learning institutions not excluding Kenyas learning institutions are strikes by the staffs, acts of racism, fire outbreaks, rape, diseases, murder, and robbery, administrative and or governance issues (Holand, 2015). The Conclusion The consequential results that are briefly presented are what summaries are. Therefore, the writer, in this case, must narrow down the readers attention to key details captured in a short form in this section besides restating the thesis. Here is sample literature review outline for the conclusion: Example of summarized information on the subject addressed earlier Failure to recognize the problem and respond accordingly by an institution to the identified problem is one of the factors that deter effective communication during a crisis. It results in a complete failure to implement crisis communication plans which may be helpful times of a crisis. Creative thinking in terms of crafting effective messages for the institutions Public determines the approach of risk management and should be a considerable factor in crisis communication (Wilberforce, 2015). It is imperative that consideration towards risk factors be built into existing activities and be characteristically a process of decision making. A management plan must be continuously updated and its communication philosophies changed. Additionally choice of wrong channels impedes effective of crisis communication, therefore, it is important that an institution chooses a channel of communicating crises that does not tarnish the image of the institution and further eroding trust publics to have on it (Drue, 2015).

Definition of the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification

Definition of the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification A bona fide occupational qualification, also known as BFOQ, is a characteristic or attribute required for a job that could be considered discrimination if it were not necessary to perform the job in question, or if the job were unsafe for one category of people but not another. To determine if a policy in hiring or job assignment is discriminatory or legal, the policy is examined to ascertain whether the discrimination is necessary to the normal business operation and whether that category denied inclusion is uniquely unsafe. Exception to Discrimination Under Title VII, employers are not allowed to  discriminate  on the basis of sex,  race, religion,  or national origin. If religion, sex, or national origin can be shown to be necessary for the job, such as hiring Catholic professors to teach Catholic theology at a Catholic school, then a BFOQ exception can be made.  Ã‚  The BFOQ exception does not permit discrimination on the basis of race. The employer must prove that the BFOQ is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the business or whether the BFOQ is for a unique safety reason. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) extended this concept of BFOQ to discrimination  based on age. Examples A restroom attendant can be hired taking into account sex because the users of the restroom have privacy rights.  In 1977, the Supreme Court upheld the policy in a male maximum security prison requiring guards to be male. A women’s clothing catalog could hire only female models to wear women’s clothes and the company would have a BFOQ defense for its sex discrimination. Being female would be a bona fide occupational qualification of the modeling job or an acting job for a specific role. However, hiring only men as managers or only women as teachers would not be a legal application of a BFOQ defense. Being a certain gender is not a BFOQ for the vast majority of jobs. Why Is This Concept Important? BFOQ is important to feminism and women’s equality. Feminists of the 1960s and other decades successfully challenged stereotypical ideas that limited women to certain professions. This often meant reexamining ideas about job requirements, which created more opportunities for women in the workplace. Johnson Controls Supreme Court decision:  International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) v. Johnson Controls, 886 F.2d 871 (7th Cir. 1989) In this case, Johnson Controls denied certain jobs to women but not to men, using the bona fide occupational qualification argument.  The jobs in question involved exposure to lead that could harm fetuses; women were routinely denied those jobs (whether pregnant or not). The appellate court ruled in favor of the company, finding that the plaintiffs had not offered an alternative that would protect a womans or a fetus health, and also that there was not evidenced that a fathers exposure to lead was a risk to the fetus. The Supreme Court held that, on the basis of the Pregnancy Discrimination in Employment Act of 1978 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the policy was discriminatory and that ensuring fetal safety was at the core of the employees job performance, not essential to be employed in the work of making batteries.  The Court found that it was up to the company to provide safety guidelines and inform about risk, and up to workers (parents) to determine risk and take action. Justice Scalia in a concurring opinion also raised the issue of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, protecting employees from being treated differently if pregnant. The case is considered a landmark for womens rights because otherwise so many industrial jobs could be denied to women where there is a risk to fetal health.

Critically analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema Essay

Critically analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema with close reference to two appropriate films - Essay Example The film makers made France to experience a massive revolution in the film industry. As a result, they acquired the name â€Å"French New Wave† (Betz 2009, p. 136). Before the changes in the film industry, all the French movies were shot in studios. In the traditional films, Paris was presented in reconstructive and conservative way. Many scenes that were captured before and during the war could not be adapted to the screen. The situation was becoming less attractive to the new generation of filmmakers. Consequently, they gathered at the editorial room where they all agreed that the traditional films in French were very artificial. They decided to divert from the filming strategies that were influenced by the preferred aesthetics during that period (Shortcuts 2011, p. 75). Among the factors that motivated the film makers to introduce the new changes in cinema was the fast evolving technology in Paris and the improved financial system. The film makers from Paris made film makin g more flexible with the new technology. For instance, in the traditional French film industry scenes could only be shot during the day. In addition, the outdoor scenes were not very clear. However, with the new technology, scenes could be captured even at night. Outdoor shoots also became clear because of the use of the new lightweight cameras. Among the first film makers to use the new technologies introduced in the film industry was Louiss Malle in the year 1958. His film was followed by other experimental films which aimed at capturing the real life events in the city. This resulted into a shift from artificial films to films that gave a realistic impression of the city. For instance, the scenes captured in the films seemed real and not highly dramatized like those in the traditional ones (Neupert 2007, p. 356). Paris also played a great role in the new wave because all the film critics

Critically analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema Essay

Critically analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema with close reference to two appropriate films - Essay Example The film makers made France to experience a massive revolution in the film industry. As a result, they acquired the name â€Å"French New Wave† (Betz 2009, p. 136). Before the changes in the film industry, all the French movies were shot in studios. In the traditional films, Paris was presented in reconstructive and conservative way. Many scenes that were captured before and during the war could not be adapted to the screen. The situation was becoming less attractive to the new generation of filmmakers. Consequently, they gathered at the editorial room where they all agreed that the traditional films in French were very artificial. They decided to divert from the filming strategies that were influenced by the preferred aesthetics during that period (Shortcuts 2011, p. 75). Among the factors that motivated the film makers to introduce the new changes in cinema was the fast evolving technology in Paris and the improved financial system. The film makers from Paris made film makin g more flexible with the new technology. For instance, in the traditional French film industry scenes could only be shot during the day. In addition, the outdoor scenes were not very clear. However, with the new technology, scenes could be captured even at night. Outdoor shoots also became clear because of the use of the new lightweight cameras. Among the first film makers to use the new technologies introduced in the film industry was Louiss Malle in the year 1958. His film was followed by other experimental films which aimed at capturing the real life events in the city. This resulted into a shift from artificial films to films that gave a realistic impression of the city. For instance, the scenes captured in the films seemed real and not highly dramatized like those in the traditional ones (Neupert 2007, p. 356). Paris also played a great role in the new wave because all the film critics

Critically analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema Essay

Critically analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema with close reference to two appropriate films - Essay Example The film makers made France to experience a massive revolution in the film industry. As a result, they acquired the name â€Å"French New Wave† (Betz 2009, p. 136). Before the changes in the film industry, all the French movies were shot in studios. In the traditional films, Paris was presented in reconstructive and conservative way. Many scenes that were captured before and during the war could not be adapted to the screen. The situation was becoming less attractive to the new generation of filmmakers. Consequently, they gathered at the editorial room where they all agreed that the traditional films in French were very artificial. They decided to divert from the filming strategies that were influenced by the preferred aesthetics during that period (Shortcuts 2011, p. 75). Among the factors that motivated the film makers to introduce the new changes in cinema was the fast evolving technology in Paris and the improved financial system. The film makers from Paris made film makin g more flexible with the new technology. For instance, in the traditional French film industry scenes could only be shot during the day. In addition, the outdoor scenes were not very clear. However, with the new technology, scenes could be captured even at night. Outdoor shoots also became clear because of the use of the new lightweight cameras. Among the first film makers to use the new technologies introduced in the film industry was Louiss Malle in the year 1958. His film was followed by other experimental films which aimed at capturing the real life events in the city. This resulted into a shift from artificial films to films that gave a realistic impression of the city. For instance, the scenes captured in the films seemed real and not highly dramatized like those in the traditional ones (Neupert 2007, p. 356). Paris also played a great role in the new wave because all the film critics

Term paper drafut Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drafut - Term Paper Example Furthermore, with Japanese assistance and liberalization reforms, the country further made appreciable progress (â€Å"china's development: assessing the implications†). China has been instrumental in developing some of the most amazing and innovative products that the world has witnessed till date. Over the past three decades, the development of China has been remarkable. The country is often dubbed as the ‘engine’ of the global economy. 2. Population and its Composition China is a country characterized by diverse culture, language and religion. As of 2013, the total population of the country is 1,349,585,838. Among the overall population the following is the age structure. (Source: â€Å"East & Southeast Asia: China†) Age Structure Population 0-14 years 17.2% 15-24 years 15.4% 25-54 years 46.7% 55-64 years 11.3% 65 years and over 9.4% The above table shows that majority of the population belong to 25-54 age groups and this can act as a favorable factor fo r aviation business. The major religion of China is Daoist and Buddhist, Christians and Muslims accounts for 3-4% and 1-2% respectively. The major ethnic group in the country is Han Chinese which is about 91.5% of the overall population. ... around 95.1 % people are literate. In the context of occupation, the majority of the people are involved in the manufacturing sector (â€Å"East & Southeast Asia: China†). In addition, a substantial percentage of the population is also engaged in agricultural activities. 3. Mobility Despite the differences in the labor market trends, survey results reveal that the job mobility is high. The job market of the country is channelled through strong ties. The job changers generally rely on intermediaries to help them find new and better opportunities. However, this high mobility has a positive impact on the economic status. Every shift or rotation of job results in the development of economic status. Paradoxically, the mobility of place is low as Chinese workers prefer to work in their home turf (Bian and Ang 981-985). 4. Transportation Although, China still counts as a developing country, but its transportation infrastructure reflects something completely different. The transportat ion system of the country can match up with any other developed countries of the world. The major transportation modes of the country are airways, roadways, railways and waterways. As of 2013, the country has 507 airports and almost covers the whole country. The country also has a whooping 86,000 km railway network. In terms of its roadway transportation, China has the coverage of 4,106,387 km road. The waterways is another vital communication mode of the country, it has a coverage area of 110,000 km and is ranked at first position globally (â€Å"East & Southeast Asia: China†). The major seaports of the country are Ningbo, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin and Shenzhen among others. The transportation infrastructure of the company clearly reveals that it is favorable for any kind of business. However,

Social Bond Theory and Deviant Behaviour

Social Bond Theory and Deviant Behaviour Social Bonds and Deviance Deviance is a term used to describe behavior that goes against the established social and cultural norms. The concept of deviance is complex because norms vary considerably across groups, times, and places. Essentially, individuals commit deviant behavior when society defines it as such. Within the field of criminology, a number of theories exist that attempt to explain why some people engage in deviant behavior, while others abstain from it. One of these theories is Travis Hirschi’s, social bond theory, which eventually becomes the blueprint for subsequent control theories. This paper will analyze aspects of social control theory and social bonds, for the purpose of seeing if they can deter deviant behavior. Social control theory focuses on how the lack of close relationships with others can free individuals from social constraints, which in turn allows them to engage in delinquency. Unlike most criminology theories that claim to explain why people offend, control theories of fer the justification for why people obey the rules (Cartwright, 2013). Social control theories focus primarily on external factors and the processes by which rules become effective. Followers of this theory believe that deviance and crime occur because of inadequate constraints. This theory also examines the lack of control a person has in relation to society and explains how deviant behavior occurs in proportion to the strength of one’s social bonding. For the most part, social control theory assumes a shared value or belief in social norms. Therefore, even those who break laws or violate social norms, share the general belief that those rules should be followed (Cartwright, 2013). Thus, the essence of social control theory is explaining conformity and the process through which people are socialized to obey the rules. The first mentions of social control theory can be found in the works of some of the Enlightenment thinkers and can be traced to the Chicago School (Cartwright, 2011, p. 207). For example, Thomas Hobbes, an English social philosopher who wrote about external restraints and the role of government in preventing deviance, can be seen as one of the roots of this theory. Hobbes argued that humans had an inherent tendency toward evil and were constrained only through social contracts and agreements with people. More often though, the origin of social control theory is connected to Emile Durkheim, who is a French sociologist and is considered as the founder of sociology. Durkheim views crime and deviance as social facts that are present in all societies and even considered crime as â€Å"normal† (Cartwright, 2013). Durkheim thought that, â€Å"social controls were necessary if individuals were to understand the boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable behavior† (Cartwrig ht, 2011, p. 207). In his view, crime serves the function of identifying boundaries for behavior, which are recognized collectively in communities and reinforced by negative societal reaction. As a result, social order is maintained to avoid disapproved association with deviant acts. Eventually, Durkheim’s theory of integration and regulation becomes the basis for Travis Hirschi’s social bonding theory, in which criminal behavior is accounted as a result of weakening social bonds. Although Hirschi was not the first to propose a social control theory, his research published in the, â€Å"Causes of Delinquency† (1969), established him as the leading social control theorist. However, it is important to note that his social bonding theory exists, for the most part, as a result of the work done by his social control theory predecessors (Hirschi, 1969, p. 212). Terence Thornberry elaborated upon Hirschi’s control theory and Durkheim’s view of crime in society, in order to create a more accurate model for describing delinquency. He agreed with Hirschi that all humans are born with deviant motivation and that if social constraints are absent, people will naturally engage in deviant behavior. However, Thornberry argues that the weakening of social controls would not necessarily result in delinquency. In other words, according to Thornberry’s interactional theory, the absence or weakening of social control is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for delinquent involvement (Cartwright, 2011, p. 229). Laub and Sampson’s turning points theory was also rooted in Durkheim’s views, Hirschi’s social bond theory and Thornberry’s interactional theory. Laub and Sampson’s theory concluded that some social events may change delinquents from a path of crime and this event is called a turning point. Closer to the present time, Bouffard and Petkovsek conducted a study which explores the process through which social bonds work to restrain offending criminal behavior. This was primarily based on Hirschi’s social bonding theory and looks at the decision to drive drunk. All of the above mentioned theorists are intricately connected through their theories, which are based on some aspect of their respective predecessors, and their view that all individuals are bonded to society. Hirschi’s, social bond theory, looks at how delinquency is the result of weak or broken bonds between the individual and society. He states that there are four aspects of the bond, and their relationship between each other, that affect our connection to society (Cartwright, 2011). These four are: attachment, commitment, involvement in conventional activities, and lastly belief in wider social values. Hirschi defines attachment to others as the degree to which we admire others and feel affection for and identify with them. Forming secure bonds to other human beings, foster traits like empathy and respect. If a person is able to experience empathy, that person will be far less likely to engage in criminal acts that would result in someone being harmed. Attachment is especially important when it comes to the person’s parental figures. According to Hirschi, other attachments, such as school, also play a tremendous role in conventional society (Hirschi, 1969, p. 215). Next i s commitment, which can be described as the personal investment of an individual, in things such as educational or career goals, and the perceived losses suffered by involvement in deviant behavior. A person is far less likely to commit deviant behavior when they have invested too much energy and time into pursuing a goal. A sense of commitment is a grounding force that gives individuals a reason to conform to socially accepted norms and goals (Hirschi, 1969, p. 216-217). Involvement refers to the level of one’s participation in social activities such as volunteering, jobs, or attending church. There is an inverse correlation between the amount of time an individual participates in conventional activities and the amount of time they have to deviate. Therefore, involvement in activities serves to both further an individual’s bonds to others and leaves the individual with limited time to be involved in deviant activities. Finally, belief refers to an individual’s trust in society’s moral system. The individual must believe that the rules and laws are necessary and should be obeyed. A lack of belief in the system can cause individuals to be more likely to engage in deviant behavior (Hirschi, 1969, p. 217-219). Hirschi views these four aspects of social control as highly interrelated and together they form the foundation of the social bonding theory. Thornberry’s Interactional theory attempts to combine social structure, social control, and social learning theories. He began with aspects of Hirschi’s version of control theory and Ronald Akers’s social learning theory, in order to create a more integrated theory to explain delinquent behavior. He called his theory, â€Å"interactional† because it was based on the premise that crime and deviance is the outcome of interactions between an individual and his or her environment (Thornberry, 1987, p. 232-233). Thornberry selected three concepts from Hirschi’s theory (attachment to parents, commitment to school, and belief in conventional values) and two from Akers’s theory (association with delinquent peers and delinquent values) (Cartwright, 2011). The significance of this theory is that it examines the developmental changes across three stage of adolescence: early, middle, and late adolescence. During childhood and early adolescence, attachmen t to the family is the most important determinant of whether a youth will adjust to society’s rules and be shielded from delinquency (Thornberry, 1987, p. 242-243). By mid-adolescence, the family is replaced by the world of friends, school and youth culture. In adulthood, a person’s behavioural choices are shaped by their place in conventional society and in their own family. Additionally, this theory asserts that at different ages, different influences become more important for the individual (Thornberry, 1987, p. 246, 248). This theory further states that individuals with weak social bonds will form other bonds with delinquents who share the same values. Laub and Sampson developed a theory of age-graded informal social control. They predicted that those who have more social capital, quality marital bonds, and stable employment in adulthood are more likely to abstain from committing more crime, through what the authors refer to as turning points. The key component of this theory is that delinquency and crime have an inverse relationship with an individuals bond to society (Cartwright, 2011). As an extension of Hirschi’s social bond theory, Laub and Sampson discussed the concept of attachment and commitment. The most notable difference between age-graded informal social control theory and social control theory is that the former acknowledges that crime is not â€Å"necessarily stable over the life course† and that criminals can change into â€Å"normal, law-abiding adults† (Cartwright, 2011, p. 258). Laub and Sampson find that attachments or social bonds in adulthood increase some individuals social capital, leadin g to desistance from most types of deviant behavior. Furthermore, they found that antisocial behavior in childhood has a strong likelihood of continuing through adulthood across a variety of life domains. So, individuals who become attached to other people will increase their self-control and, constraints in the form of job or marriage can prevent those with low self-control from offending (Laub and Sampsons, 1993, p. 269-270). Laub and Sampson argue that the start of a criminal career occurs early in life, but emphasize that even with an established criminal career; delinquency can be interrupted during the life course. Specifically, Laub and Sampson found that kids who were involved in deviant behavior, changed for the better because they experienced an event that pulled them out of their criminal lifestyle and into a more conventional pattern of behavior. They refer to these points of interruption as turning points. Such turning points include military service, employment, and ma rriage which create social capital. This social capital then represents investment in society and will restrain deviant behavior (Laub and Sampsons, 1993, p. 272-273). According to this theory, social influences on crime can directly and indirectly, affect trajectories of crime across the entire life course. In Bouffard and Petkovsek’s paper, they tested Hirschi’s social bond theory and the impact social bonds have on crime, specifically focusing on the decision to drive drunk. Their prediction for the outcome of the study is as follows: individuals with lower levels of social bonding will not care about the severity of negative consequences involved in drunk driving behavior and these ratings of severity will decide whether an individual participates in drunk driving (Bouffard and Petkovsek, 2013, p. 5). Each participant in the study was asked questions to test the social control theory. These questions focused on attachment to the family, belief in conventional values, and religious involvement/commitment (Bouffard and Petkovsek, 2013, p. 8). From the results, they found that concepts discussed in Hirschi’s social bond theory, did in fact affect deviant behavior. Those individuals with greater social bonds were found to be less likely to drive drunk, whereas those with less social bonds had a greater likelihood of driving drunk (Bouffard and Petkovsek, 2013, p. 17). The results of this study indicate that the concepts described in Hirschi’s social bond theory actually do have an effect on the deterrence of deviant behavior. Personally, I do believe that aspects of social control theory and social bonds can deter people from engaging in deviant behavior. It is not difficult to believe in any of the aforementioned theories, especially Hirschi’s components of social bond theory (attachment, commitment, involvement in conventional activities, and belief in social values), when there are many accounts of the life stories of major criminals out in the media. Most, if not all, serious crimes (murder, kidnappings, etc) are committed by people who grew up with bad parental figures, and strongly believed that they had no place in conventional society. This tied in with Thornberry’s concept of developmental changes across various stages of adolescence. When these individual do not have a significant attachment to family during their childhood, they have already begun rejecting some of society’s rules. This coupled with Laub and Sampsons assertion that social bonds increase an individualâ€℠¢s social capital which in turn restricts deviant behavior, almost guarantees a path of deviance for that individual. Furthermore, as Bouffard and Petkovesk’s study showed, social bonds really do have an effect on some types of deviant behavior. As previously mentioned, the readings have truly convinced me that social bonds play an integral role in the decision to participate in deviant behavior. References Bouffard, J.A., Petkovsek M.A. (2013): Testing Hirschis integration of social control and rational choice: Are bonds considered in offender decisions? Journal of Crime and Justice, doi: 10.1080/0735648X.2013.814547 Cartwright, B. (2011). Social Control Theory and Developmental Life Course Theories. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 207-209). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. Cartwright, B. (2011). A Control Theory of Delinquency. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 211-213). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. Cartwright, B. (2011). Turning Points in the Life Course: Why Change Matters to the Study of Crime. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 258-260). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. Cartwright, B. (2011). Toward an Interactional Theory of Deviance. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 229-231). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. Cartwright, B. (2011). The Origins of Social Control Theory Part 1. Retrieved from online tutorial site: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/pcp/1256315303/tutorial6/tutorial6.html Cartwright, B. (2011). Life Course and Developmental Theories Part 2. Retrieved from online tutorial site: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/pcp/1256315303/tutorial7/tutorial7.html Cartwright, B. (2013). â€Å"Social Control Theories.† Criminology 104 Lecture, retrieved from Simon Fraser University on-line lecture site. Hirschi, T. (1969). A Control Theory of Delinquency. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 214-228). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. Laub, J., Samspon, R. (1993). Turning Points in the Life Course: Why Change Matters to the Study of Crime. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 261-282). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. Thornberry, T. (1987). Toward an interactional Theory of Delinquency. In B. Cartwright (Ed), Sociological Explanations of Crime and Deviance (pp. 232-257). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions.

True Lies in Brice’s Ways with Words Essay example -- Ways with Words

True Lies in Brice’s Ways with Words  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Ways with Words by Shirley Brice Heath we read about the author’s ethnographic study in the South during desegregation. The purpose of Heath’s study is to examine the ways people from different communities in the textile region raise their children. The way the children are raised according to Heath, affects the language development and the way these children learn to read and write in the school setting. In my paper I want to examine the way the church relates to the cultural differences in Roadville and Trackton. Cultural differences have ultimately created two separate learning styles. Reading Heath’s study creates curiosity as to how one book, the Bible, can be translated by two cultures in such differing ways that, â€Å"In short, for Roadville, Trackton’s stories would be lies; for Trackton, Roadville stories would not even count as stories† (Heath, 189). Heath says, â€Å"For both Roadville and Trackton, the church is a key institution helping to provide occasion and rationale for their approaches to being parents and to enabling their young to use language† (147). Both groups engage in regular religious activity, the Trackton people meeting every other week for group services, and the Roadville groups meeting at church on Sundays. Both groups meet in mixed age group settings, as well. And both groups believe the Bible is the Word of God. Yet differences exist. Trackton groups do not necessarily meet in a building. â€Å"Preachers, men of music, and the best playsong performers claim they cannot stick to written text. Seemingly thoughts which were once shaped into words on paper become recomposed in each time and space.† (233) Trackton preachers and song leaders feel stifled by the wr... ...ducation makes them unskilled at helping their children do well in school. Heath studied their struggles and identified significant ways to teach these children. As the study closes, we realize that to improve the education of the Roadville and Trackton communities, we would need to change the home environment, the religious traditions, and the culture of the communities to match that of the townspeople. To change the school to meet the needs of the students would not create a long lasting improvement. I for one find difficulty in judging one community as being better than another since each has its own value. Homogeneity seems to be an evil, but one that education in America both supports and at times seems to demand. Perhaps someday we will find a solution. Work Cited: Heath, Shirley Brice. Ways with Words. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Drinking Culture and Alcohol Consumption

Two-thirds of adolescent and adult Americans drink alcohol, and of those, eight to twelve percent will become problem drinkers. Earl Rochester expresses his point of view on alcohol by suggesting us to issue a drinking license. I agree with Rochester for three main reasons: safety, order, and lives. The first reason why I agree with Rochester is for the safety of the people. There are many occurrences in the world where a drunken person becomes suddenly enraged and just happens to randomly lash out. Also from my personal experience, when my friend got drunk during a party, he threw a table and almost injured another person. Without safety, there would be no order in our community. Accompanying material: Social Studies SBA on Alcohol My second reason why I agree is because of order. Obviously, you cannot maintain proper order when everyone is intoxicated from drinking. Most people go crazy when they are drunk. Surveys taken by family members show that when somebody becomes drunk, their children are in danger of being hurt or also becoming an alcoholic. Order also ties in with the lives of other people. My final reason I agree with Rochester is for the lives of others. Lives are endangered daily because of the use of alcohol. For example, when one does not have a designated driver, that intoxicated person decides to take the unsafe route and drive under the influence. This puts the life of others, passengers and other people on the streets in danger. The occurrences of death by alcohol is devastation and keeps on increasing every year because of how casually people drink even with their children present. From safety, to order, to lives, I completely agree with Rochester’s idea, to issue drinking licenses for drinkers to commit to. Doing this will hopefully lessen the danger of drinking and educate the ignorant and foolish about this action.

Case Study Global Enterprise Ikea - 1392 Words

Executive Summary Global enterprise IKEA has expanded from its humble beginning in Älmhult, Sweden to become the world’s largest home furnishings retailer with 393 stores worldwide and 915 million visitors annually. IKEA’s simplistic vision inspired by its Swedishness aims to provide as many people as possible with affordable, well designed, high quality, functional home furnishings that impress consumers, competitors and companies alike. This philosophy has resulted in very effective and efficient operations due to IKEA’s meticulous innovative planning. This report will detail the influences of globalisation and environmental sustainability along with the transformation process of the BILLY and EKTORP and an evaluation of inventory†¦show more content†¦Their products are designed to meet strict environmental impact requirements whilst using minimal materials to incur low manufacturing and transport costs and still be functional, durable and of high quality. More than half of IKEA’s products are made from sustainable or recycled materials with all cotton used being grown to the Better Cotton Standard and 61% of wood being Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified, IKEA aims for 100% to be FSC certified in 2020. IKEA’s code of conduct – IWAY, specifies guidelines to assist manufacturers in reducing their environmental impact. Through the use of IWAY, sustainable business activities have been developed hence leaving positive impacts on the environment and the suppliers operations. Transformation Process IKEA’s transformation process is complex and varies according to the product. With a range of 12000 products that is under constant retail evolution, the most cost saving activity is production. IKEA looks for the value chain through economies of scale and the existing production capacity with the aim of running every production line at maximum efficiency. The BILLY bookcase undergoes a very technology intensive transformation process in comparison to their upholstered furniture like the EKTORP sofa. BILLY Bookcase It starts with the production of the particle board at Swedwood with spruce trees from the local sustainable forest being put in the chipper to become small wood pieces which is combinedShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Ikea s Growth Of The Firm, Dunning Oli Framework Approach Of Foreign Direct Investment ( Fdi )1325 Words   |  6 Pageswell as factors should be considered in global supply chain control. Moving on to analyse IKEA s implementation of global supply chain control and emphasize its outsourcing plan, comparing to other corporations what competitive advantage IKEA gain in managing supply chain and outsourcing. Main body: Referring to the leading theories of the firm approach conducted by Edith Penrose (2003) on the endogenous growth of the firm, the MNE (multinational enterprise) defined as a company take total controlRead MoreIKEA Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor1176 Words   |  5 PagesProposal Case: IKEA Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor Summary In this case, it is known that IKEA s procurement model is the mode of global sourcing. IKEA products are shipped to the 26 distribution centres from the trade area after procurement, and then delivered to the shopping malls in the world. IKEA s procurement philosophy and assessment of suppliers mainly include four aspects: continuous price improvement; strict supplier performance and service levels;Read MoreHow Ikea Manages The Global Environment Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pages Lesson MGT600 #2 Case Studies Ying Li International American University MGT 600: Organizational Theory Design David Johnson PhD July 10th, 2016 How IKEA Manages the Global Environment IKEA is the largest furniture chain in the world, and in 2011 the Swedish company operated over 270 stores in 25 countries. In 2011 IKEA sales soared to over $35 billion, or over 20% of the global furniture market. Most of its stuffs believed IKEA will massive growth throughout the world in the coming decadeRead MoreIkea Business Strategy1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Study of Ikea’s Business Strategy Price and promotion 　Ikea is not only a furnishings market brand, but also a furniture brand. Through a series of operations, in people s eyes, Ikea is not simply a purchase house ware places, it represents a way of life. In our mind, Ikea s success not only depends on its integration of the trade, logistics, but it used to integrate the core idea of trade, logistics-lifestyle (Margonelli, Lisa 2002). As we said before: using Ikea’s products is just likeRead MoreIkea Case Study Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA Case Study IKEA Case Study The founder of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, established the IKEA brand in Sweden when he was only 17 years old. It was 1943, and the IKEA brand started its enterprise journey by selling items such as seeds from Kamprad’s family’s farm and Christmas magazines. By 1948, the IKEA furniture line came to life. Kamprad’s concept was â€Å"good furniture could be priced so that the man with that flat wallet would make a place for it in hisRead MoreIkea Human Resource Management in Chinese Market2274 Words   |  10 PagesTitle: IKEA Human Resource Management in Chinese Market Declaration of Academic Integrity: I promise that submitting this work acknowledges that the assignment is entirely my own work and has not been submitted previously for another course or programme at RHUL or any other institution. When the art of business management has been concerned by IKEA, the concept â€Å"Simplicity is beauty† is popular in IKEA’s company culture. For an international enterprise, IKEA have to seek global expansionRead MoreOrganizational Strategy And Decision Making2485 Words   |  10 Pagesstrategy choices 4 2.3Strategy programming 5 2.4IKEA’s strategy management 7 2.4.0Brief introduction of IKEA 7 2.4.1SWOT analysis of IKEA 7 2.4.1.0Strengths 7 2.4.1.1Weaknesses 8 2.4.1.2Opportunities 9 2.4.1.3Threats 9 2.4.2 IKEA’s strategies 10 2.4.2.0 IKEA s differentiation strategy 10 2.4.2.1 IKEA s low-cost strategy 12 Conclusion 14 Recommendations 15 References 16 1.0 Introduction IKEA, which is a famous furniture company in Swedish has dominated in furnishing market for many years. ItsRead MoreThe Impact of Globalisation - Ikea3499 Words   |  14 PagesIKEA The Impact of Globalisation Definition of Globalisation Globalisation is the process by which organisations or businesses start operations on an international scale by committing facilities and resources in foreign countries. The International Monetary Fund, (IMF) continues to believe that this will lead to global convergence through aspects of trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and the movement of people and dissemination of knowledge. Mission StatementRead MoreIkea And Human Resource Management1970 Words   |  8 PagesTable of Contents INTRODUCTION: 1 IKEA 1 IKEA HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: 2 ANALYSIS 1: 2 ANALYSIS 2: 4 PROPOSITIONS: 4 OPEN IKEA 4 ENTERPRISE 5 WHY SAYERS 5 EXPRESS YOURSELF 5 ANALYSIS 3: 6 ANALYSIS 4: 7 ADVANTAGES 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY: 9 JOURNALS RESEARCH PAPERS: 9 BOOKS: 9 ONLINE REFERENCES (WEBSITES): 9 â€Æ' Introduction: Human Resource Management (HRM) has developed over the course of the decades to turn into a Strategic Significance, incorporated and rational way to deal with the livelihood, improvementRead MoreOperations Management and Supply Chain Management1248 Words   |  5 PagesContents: I. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 II. Operations Management and Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 III. Supply Chain Management and Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 IV. Examples/Case Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 V. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Today more than before have the functions of Operations and Supply Chain Management (SCM) impacted the bottom line of companies that